A BRIEF COURSE IN INTERNET SECURITY
To start off with, the subject of internet security is probably the single most important subject to consider when dealing with money, or currencies on the internet. Hacking has become a major problem that cannot be ignored. There are many methods used by the hackers of our time, and they are figuring out new ways to do it every single day. SpyWare and Keylogging programs are two of the most practiced forms of gaining information that is used to rob individuals of their funds from accounts on the internet. It is also used to gain information so a hacker can gain entry to any program that you may belong to. I am going to outline some methods to thwart hackers, and I am going to list some very good programs that can be acquired for free, and some that cost money. It is my personal opinion that if you purchase the best security you will have the best security, and if you intend to protect programs that involve a good deal of money, then you should consider the purchase of the best software to be a really good investment. So ... lets get started.
LIST OF TOPICS BY NUMBER
1.... ABOUT FIREWALLS
2.... THE MECHANICAL FIREWALL
3.... THE SOFTWARE FIREWALL
4.... SPYWARE
5.... VIRUS
6.... PHISHING
7.... SECURITY SELF TESTS
8.... BACKING UP YOUR PC AND ALL OF YOUR IMPORTANT DATA
9.... PROTECTING YOUR EQUIPMENT
10....PASSWORDS
11....Phone Number for e-currencies
12....What can I do to protect the money in my e-currencies?
13....CONCERNING EGOLD'S SRK FEATURE
14....USEFUL LINKS THAT YOU NEED
1 .... ABOUT FIREWALLS
This section is reprinted from Shields Up
A firewall ABSOLUTELY ISOLATES your computer from the Internet using a "wall of code" that inspects each individual "packet" of data as it arrives at either side of the firewall � inbound to or outbound from your computer � to determine whether it should be allowed to pass or be blocked
How does a Firewall Work?
All internet communication is accomplished by the exchange of individual "packets" of data. Each packet is transmitted by its source machine toward its destination machine. Packets are the fundamental unit of information flow across the Internet. Even though we refer to "connections" between computers, this "connection" is actually comprised of individual packets travelling between those two "connected" machines. Essentially, they "agree" that they're connected and each machine sends back "acknowledgement packets" to let the sending machine know that the data was received.
In order to reach its destination � whether it's another computer two feet away or two continents distant � every Internet packet must contain a destination address and port number. And, so that the receiving computer knows who sent the packet, every packet must also contain the IP address and a port number of the originating machine. In other words, any packet travelling the net contains � first and foremost � its complete source and destination addresses. As we've seen earlier on this site, an IP address always identifies a single machine on the Internet and the port is associated with a particular service or conversation happening on the machine.
Look what this means! . . .
Since the firewall software inspects each and every packet of data as it arrives at your computer � BEFORE it's seen by any other software running within your computer � the firewall has total veto power over your computer's receipt of anything from the Internet. A TCP/IP port is only "open" on your computer if the first arriving packet which requests the establishment of a connection is answered by your computer. If the arriving packet is simply ignored, that port of your computer will effectively disappear from the Internet. No one and nothing can connect to it!
But the real power of a firewall is derived from its ability to be selective about what it lets through and what it blocks. Since every arriving packet must contain the correct IP address of the sender's machine, (in order for the receiver to send back a receipt acknowledgement) the firewall can be selective about which packets are admitted and which are dropped. It can "filter" the arriving packets based upon any combination of the originating machine's IP address and port and the destination machine's IP address and port. So, for example, if you were running a web server and needed to allow remote machines to connect to your machine on port 80 (http), the firewall could inspect every arriving packet and only permit connection initiation on your port 80. New connections would be denied on all other ports. Even if your system were to inadvertently pick up a Trojan horse program which opened a Trojan listening port to the outside world, no passing Trojan scanner could detect or know of the Trojan's existence since all attempts to contact the Trojan inside your computer would be blocked by the firewall! Or suppose that you wish to create a secure "tunnel" across the Internet to allow your home and office computers to share their files without any danger of unauthorized intrusion. Firewall technology makes this possible and relatively simple. You would instruct the firewall running on your office computer to permit connections on the NetBIOS file sharing ports 137-139 only from the IP address of your home computer. The firewall running on your home machine would similarly be instructed to permit connections on ports 137-139 only from your office machine's IP address. Thus, either machine can "see" the other's NetBIOS ports, but no one else on the Internet can see that either machine has established such a secure tunnel across the Net.
But what about you originating your own connections to other machines on the Internet? For example, when you surf the web you need to connect to web servers that might have any IP address. You wouldn't want all those to be blocked just because you want to block everyone from getting into your machine. It turns out that this is easy for a firewall too. Since each end of an Internet connection is always acknowledging the other end's data, every packet that flows between the two machines has a bit set in it called the "ACK" bit. This bit says that the packet is acknowledging the receipt of all previous data. But this means that only the very first packet which initiates a new connection would NOT be acknowledging any previous data from the other machine. In other words, a firewall can easily determine whether an arriving packet is initiating a new connection, or continuing an existing conversation. Packets arriving as part of an established connection would be allowed to pass through the firewall, but packets representing new connection attempts would be discarded. Thus, a firewall can permit the establishment of outbound connections while blocking any new connection attempts from the outside.
Another example of the power of a high-quality firewall is "application level" filtering and response: Most firewalls do pretty much what I've explained above, and this affords tremendous protection. But they don't attempt to "understand" the data in the packets they're admitting or blocking. Their "permit" or "deny" decisions are only based upon the source and destination addresses. But an "application level" firewall involves itself in the actual dialog taking place. For example, we've seen that one of the biggest problems with Microsoft's file and printer sharing is its lack of ability to prevent password crackers from pounding away on a password until it's broken. But an intelligent application level firewall can monitor what's happening on port 139 (where password protection occurs) and step in to completely block an offending remote computer! It can automatically "black list" the originating IP address to completely prevent any and all future access from that outsider.
I hope I've conveyed some sense for the powerful benefits and features created by firewalls. At a cost ranging from $29 to $39 USD, these personal firewalls are a terrific bargain! If you have also received the sense that this can be very tricky stuff I'd have to agree.
2 .... THE MECHANICAL FIREWALL
A mechanical firewall, such as a NAT router or a DSL modem, and software firewalls such as Zone Alarm, System Suites Net Defense, Norton Personal Firewall, and others too numerous to mention. My preference is Panda. A NAT router, such as Linksys, actually acts as a mechanical barrier between the internet and your PC. There are many on the market and a good computer store will carry a good selection of the best of them. Be sure, though, that your system has one of the following, an ETHERNET or a USB port present and open. This will be necessary to utilize a NAT router. If you dont have this on your PC, then you can purchase a PCI card that will add this to your system. The ETHERNET connection is the preferred connector for a router. A DSL modem also acts as a mechanical barrier between the internet and your PC. Most of the time if a hacker sends a mass ping out, a DSL modem, or a router is what he will see on the ping. Not your computer. Regular dial-up is not quite as secure as cable modems and DSL. So, if you want to really be secure, then start with a NAT router. If you have DSL, then you wont need a router unless you want to link to the net with several computers.
3 .... THE SOFTWARE FIREWALL
A software firewall, in a way sort of confuses a hackers attempts and even in some cases logs the hackers attempts at entry into your system. Software firewalls can be an extremely effective way to thwart a hacker and protect your sensitive data. You can set a software firewall to conform to your individual needs and most software firewalls have a good help system and directions to aid you in the setup of the software. A good software firewall enhances and strengthens a good mechanical firewall. A mechanical and a software firewall work hand-in-hand with each other to make your system invisible to hackers. There are several good firewall programs available, and a search via google using "firewall" as the subject will get you a list of them to look over. My personal preference, as I said is Panda Platinum Internet Security.
4 .... SPYWARE
Spyware is another thing to consider when developing your personal internet security. Spyware is very sneakily installed on your computer via free programs, toolbars, smiley face programs, email program addons and even via autosurfing programs. It also can enter, and so can viruses, in your email as it comes into your computer daily. Spyware sits in your computer and reads your sensitive data and surfing habits and details of the sites you visit, and sends the info to the person or persons who did the sneaky install. It is not a very ethical thing to do, but it is done to almost everyone everyday. There are many good stand alone anti-spyware programs available for free download. These include SpyBot Search and Destroy, Spyware Guard, and many others. Again, a search via google will turn up many choices. Just enter "spyware" as the subject. Again, Panda has included anti-spyware in its program, Panda Platinum Internet Security, and it is part of Panda AntiVirus
5 .... VIRUS
Spyware can enter your computer in the form of Virus, or Worms, and also Trojans. A Trojan is named after the "Gift Horse" used in the war between Greece and Troy. And it comes in the form of an innocent or inconspicuous file or program. It gets into your system and sends out information such as passwords and ID names to the person, or persons, who installed it or sent it to your PC. A worm gets into your system by innocent means such as email attachments etc. A virus can enter your system via any download or email or attachment to an email. Viruses are the most destructive kind of PC invasion. Some viruses, once activated, can totally destroy your system's BIOS and can totally wipe out your hard drive. So a good anti-virus program is vital to good internet security.
Panda has trueprevent technology, which allows new viruses introduced into the wild to be caught. Viruses and worms newly released will cause problems until the antivirus companies can make definitions for them, and downloaded into your antivirus program. Panda's technology allows for these viruses to be caught and quarantined, and has a send feature to allow them to see this new virus, evaluate it, and create a definition for it. Meanwhile, you didn't get infected.
6 .... PHISHING
Please read the following below. I know it is a little long BUT it will save you LOTS of money and headaches in the long run.
I know that most of you are totally "internet savvy" and would never click on a link from an E-Gold email, but I just wanted to reinforce that warning, since so many "phishing" emails are being sent now.
It is not wise to click on ANY link in ANY email unless you absolutely know and trust the person who is sending it, and even then it's better to email them in a separate email and make sure that they in fact sent it.
E-gold, nor any finance related online entity uses emails to send links asking you to log into your account. We get at least 15-20 a day now, either from E-Gold, Paypal, EBay or any one of several banks, even ones that we have never had an account in.
You can almost count 100% on getting a trojan installed on your computer,that can give the scammer access to all of your passwords, etc.
As if we didn't have enough to worry about with "phishing" , now there is "pharming" to worry about!!!
Pharmers simply redirect as many users as possible from the legitimate commercial websites they'd intended to visit and lead them to malicious ones. The bogus sites, to which victims are redirected without their knowledge or consent, will likely look the same as a genuine site. But when users enter their login name and password, the information is captured by criminals.
"Phishing is to pharming what a guy with a rod and a reel is to a trawler. Phishers have to approach their targets one by one. Pharmers can scoop up many victims in a single pass," said Chris Risley, president and chief executive officer of Nominum "http://www.nominum.com/", a provider of IP address infrastructure technology for businesses.
E-mailed viruses that rewrite local host files on individual PCs, like the Banker Trojan, have been used to conduct smaller-scale pharming attacks. Host files convert standard URLs into the numeric strings a computer understands. A computer with a compromised host file will go to the wrong website even if a user types in the correct URL.
The most alarming pharming threat is DNS poisoning, which can cause a large group of users to be herded to bogus sites. DNS - the domain name system - translates web and e-mail addresses into numerical strings, acting as a sort of telephone directory for the internet. If a DNS directory is "poisoned" - altered to contain false information regarding which web address is associated with what numeric string - users can be silently shuttled to a bogus website even if they type in the correct URL.
"DNS poisoning has been around for over a decade now," said Gregg Mastoras, senior security analyst at Sophos "http://www.sophos.com/ ". "Many would argue that the DNS system we all depend so heavily on has inherent design vulnerabilities, and because of the initial design flaws there have been a variety of methods used to create successful attacks.
"So while DNS poisoning is not new, the dramatic rise of phishing, and more importantly the complexity of the new pharming attacks, is cause for some concern," Mastoras said.
Phishing is essentially an old con game updated to take advantage of new technology. Similarly, although DNS attack tactics used by pharmers have been around for a while, the rise in internet banking, online shopping and electronic bill paying has created a wide potential profit zone for criminals eager to snag login information and credit card and bank account numbers.
According to information provided by the SANS Internet Storm Center "http://www.sans.org/" and internet-monitoring firm Netcraft "http://news.netcraft.com/", this past weekend would-be pharmers attempted to exploit a known vulnerability in Symantec's firewall, redirecting some users from eBay, Google and weather.com to three sites that attempted to install spyware on visitors' computers.
Security experts believe the attack was just a trial run; it was limited in scope and few users seem to have been affected.
However, Mastoras says other sophisticated attacks that take advantage of the flaws in DNS protocols are also currently being tested.
In one example, Mastoras said, Barclays Bank was recently targeted. The phishers sent messages that included a link whose first letters were the correct "barclays.co.uk" but then had additional letters that misdirected the user.
Mastoras called this particular method DNS wildcards. A wildcard DNS record is used to manage mistyped e-mail addresses, but has lately been used by spammers and now by phishers, he said.
"DNS just isn't as secure as we'd like to think it is," said Nominum's Risley. "Every internet request has to go through a DNS server, and malicious hackers realized a long time ago the profit potential in hacking DNS records."
Nominum's chief scientist, Paul Mockapetris, helped to pioneer the internet domain name system through the Internet Engineering Task Force in 1983. Mockapetris also designed the DNS architecture that is still in use today, wrote the specifications and coded the first implementation.
Risley said Mockapetris firmly believes it's time to refresh DNS, and that Mockapetris never expected DNS and BIND -- the most widely used DNS software package for Unix/Linux machines -- to be used on today's huge public systems. Nominum now sells commercial alternatives to open-source BIND and other DNS solutions.
Still, some security experts believe pharmers will not widely deploy DNS-poisoning techniques.
"Could DNS poisoning be an issue? Yes. Will it be a major issue? Probably not," said Mikko H. Hypponen, director of antivirus research at security services vendor F-Secure. Hypponen cited the skill level needed to hack a high-level DNS server as a major deterrent.
Others say plenty of computer-savvy criminals lurking on the internet are eager and able to conduct sophisticated large-scale crimes.
"I believe that DNS-poisoning pharmers will become more of a threat this year, as there is money to be made on a large scale here," said Patrick Hinojosa, chief technical officer at Panda Software "http://www.pandasoftware.com/", a security technology provider.
"If the right domain can be hijacked or the right DNS record poisoned, a group could make off with data that could be used to accomplish huge financial rip-offs. The problem is that the end user sitting at his computer thinks he's at the correct site because he typed the right URL into the browser," Hinojosa said.
Experts say pharming could be combated if browsers would authenticate websites' identities. Web browser toolbars like one offered by Netcraft can alert users by displaying the true physical location of a website's host. U.S. customers, for example, would likely pause before typing in their passwords when a website that looks like their local bank's site is reported to be hosted in Russia.
"What would go a long way to protecting people would be server-side certificates," said Hinojosa. "But any certificate system would have to be widespread to be effective."
Some financial institutions, whose users are the prime targets of phishing and pharming scams, are experimenting with "multi-factor authentication" logins, including things like single-use passwords and automatic telephone call-backs confirming that a transaction is about to take place. Such practices can limit the havoc a malicious hacker can wreak with a collection of stolen logins and passwords.
Be VERY Careful out there!
Phishing is among the internet criminal's newest methods of attaining your account info, passwords, secret sentences, etc. To get another real good overview of the "phishing" methods, click on the link below. You will need Adobe Reader to view it.
So...in summary...A top level internet security system will consist of a Mechanical Firewall...a Software Firewall...a good Anti-Spyware program...and a good Anti-Virus program. I am going to list a few of the programs available for a price and a key word to use to access a variety of free and paid for options later in this guide.
7 .... SECURITY SELF TESTS
Here are a few good programs to self test your security online.
The first one is called Shields Up.
https://grc.com/x/ne.dll?bh0bkyd2
The second one is called Qualys Browser Checkup.
http://browsercheck.qualys.com/
The third one is called SScanit Browser Security Test.
http://bcheck.scanit.be/bcheck/
8 .... BACKING UP YOUR PC AND ALL OF YOUR IMPORTANT DATA
If there is one thing that can drive a PC owner up the wall, it is the inevitable "crash" where your PC for some odd reason decides to just lose it's mind and all of your information and data. In extreme cases this could be caused by malicious viruses, but often is just because the PC owner does something that cause the system to crash. Simply deleting one file can do it, perhaps a DLL file by accident.
There are lifesavers available to help you keep your important information and files. One of the most popular ways of doing this is to purchase an external hard drive with PC backup software. These external drives are available at most all computer stores, and can even be bought online from a variety of sellers. Most connect to your PC via USB connection or by Firewire.
I strongly recommend spending the money to purchase an external hard drive, and be sure it is at least equal to the size of your internal drive.
9 .... PROTECTING YOUR EQUIPMENT
The subject arises of equipment protection. The most common protection devise used in a home environment is the surge protector. In recent years, the use of an Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) has emerged. A really good UPS has a feature called Automatic Voltage Control (AVC). There are quite a few manufacturers of these devices, including Belkin, Cyber Power, APC , and others. They supply a battery backup to your system during power failures, and they filter the AC supply to your PC and sensitive equipment. I encourage the use of one of these. They come in different current ratings, ie..battery sizes. I recommend one in the 1000 amp / hr range or higher. This would give you a minimum of 20 to 30 minutes to save any data and turn your system off during a power failure, and the remaining power in the batteries will keep your smaller equipment, such as cable or DSL modems powered so they will be ready when power comes back on. I am including links to the online sites of 2 of these companies. Usually the battery in these devices will last for about 3 years, and then will need to be replaced. You can purchase one at any good computer or office supply store for a reasonable price. Again, this is a premium investment in protection.
10 ... PASSWORDS
Next .. lets cover the subject of developing, using, and entering passwords which are designed to protect entry into your personal pages of the programs you belong to.
RoboForm and RoboForm Pro.....
This program is my personal recommendation for keyless password entry into any program or site that requires a password, and can also be used to quickly access those sites, with one click, that either do or dont require a password. It is a great system that keeps all of your information handy and fills in all kinds of forms. There are those who debate about keeping a program like this on your PC, but if you utilize a full internet security program, then this form filler is safe and can do your password entries without using key strokes. Norton SystemWorks has a feature called "Password Manager" that does the password part, but RoboForm does it all.
Roboform itself has a password generator. (Latest version) You open up the generator, and choose a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, some numbers, and can even tick off the box to allow characters. This will generate a password that is very high, virtually brute-force crack free. Then, all you have to do is to open up Roboform fill field for whatever site you are changing the password on, and copy and paste the new password into Roboform. Then, go to File, and in the drop down menu click on Save.
You have a very fast and very secure password without ever touching the keyboard.
I highly recommend that you go ahead and purchase RoboForm Pro. It has unlimited passcards and you can install unlimited custom info fields. It is the greatest information entry time saver available on the net at this time, like I said will securely enter your saved passwords without keystrokes. It also keeps you from forgetting the entry information to all of your programs, and the data can be backed up, so you wont lose it if your PC crashes. It also stores the URLs you need for entry to your programs. I just cant say enough good things about it and I would be lost without it.
Creating and saving passwords to use for any program.....
What I am about to cover here, is a method that I have developed to create passwords in a stealth mode without using keystrokes at all. I am going to include an example of creating one and installing it to a program, or site, and then saving it to RoboForm.
Creating a password using copy and paste is a stealth method that requires no keystrokes to do it. First, log onto a site that has a lot of text and numbers in it. Make sure you dont try to copy from a hyperlink or a URL because it will frustrate you when it goes to that site. What you do is highlite a section of, or a few letters of a word, and copy it to notepad or wordpad. Then you find some numbers and highlite 2 or 3 in a row and copy them and paste them onto the letters you have just pasted on your "pad". Then locate and highlite a few more random letters and do the same. Repeat this process untill you have created a password containing numbers and letters. It can be done in any order, and can inlude upper and lower case letters. each time you complete a potential password, save the file under a filename you can locate easy, and just start a new line in this file for each password you create. I would not create more than about 8 - 10 at any one time. For instance, I will create 3 passwords here using the text I have already entered.
Tut83Rep2
sw328nsta
281staRep3
The 3 passwords above were created from the text in the above paragraph without entering a single keystroke, and can now be copied and pasted into a password field in a program without a single keystroke. Once you use a created password, you need to save it to the password field in your RoboForm passcard via copy and paste, and you will have done the entire procedure without once entering a keystroke. Once you have completed the whole process, you should delete the password from your list of created passwords and resave the file without that password in it. Just remember to backup your RoboForm data so you dont ever lose your entry info. You can change your passwords monthly, if you like, using this method, and you probably will never have this information "hacked" from your PC.
I also would like to recommend that you never keep your passwords on your PC. You may store your RoboForm, or any password information for that matter, on inexpensive USB Flash drives or on any small removable media such as Compact Flash, SD, or any of those types of storage mediums. I also recommend that you use an external hard drive to store any sensitive document files and to back up your password info. You may purchase these items either online at places like E-Bay, TigerDirect.com , GlobalPC.com, or many other outlets. Also they are available at just about any reputable computer store and even at Sam's Club and WalMart.
11 ... Phone Number for e-currencies
E-Gold
321-956-1200 ext 109
E-Bullion
United States
Los Angeles: +1 805 482 1460
United Kingdom
London: +44 207 019 6202
12 ... What can I do to protect the money in my e-currencies?
* Use one PC for operations involving transfers of money, such as e-gold, bank accounts, PayPal, etc, and another PC for daily browsing and accessing Investment accounts.
* Avoid Internet explorer, download and use Firefox from www.mozilla.org for free.
* Try not to visit suspect looking websites, they may launch trojans to infect your PC.
* Use separate contact emails for operations involving transfer of money.
* Never open emails containing attachments. Most likely they contain a trojan.
* Try not to access your e-gold account from a public computer.
* Avoid downloading ActiveX and Java applets in your browser.
* Use latest versions of firewalls and anti-virus programs.
* Always use AutoUpdate function in your Windows OS.
* Never use the same passwords for different accounts.
13 ... CONCERNING EGOLD'S SRK FEATURE
E-gold has incorporated a security feature called SRK. It in actuallity, is a virtual keyboard, and is immune from keylogging programs. This is a must when entering your passphrase, if you dont use RoboForm, and when you enter it in the profile section of E-gold for the first time, you should use the SRK feature there at least. My cut and paste password creation technique will do the same job, but the SRK may be more convenient for some folks.
As an added note I would like to say that it is also good security to make sure you always stay up-to-date with your browser, IE6, or whatever you use, and also your Windows security updates. Because of the security of using it, I am using Mozilla Firefox as my main browser now. You may download it free from Mozilla.
A Brief Word About Internet Security Programs
I am an avid supporter of using a high quality Internet Security program. They cost in the neighborhood of $40 - $100 average, but they contain everything you will need, except the mechanical firewall, to maintain "Top-notch" Internet security.
Also available, and quite effective, are the VPNs, which are "tunnels" that you connect to websites with, and make your connection "invisible". I have listed the links for these.
There are some excellent free software programs out there, but we are talking about protecting your on line account info, and your online E-currency accounts from a hackers intrusion. It is an investment worth making. In my own opinion, you should search for the best you can buy. I personally do not like compromising my internet security and I advise you to take on this attitude also.
14 ... USEFUL LINKS THAT YOU NEED
TUNNELERS
Primedius
MetroPipe
Find Not http://www.findnot.com/
INTERNET SECURITY AND ANTI-VIRUS
Panda Software (Highly recommended) http://www.pandasoftware.com/home/default.asp
Norton Programs http://www.symantec.com
McAfee Programs http://us.mcafee.com/
AVG Anti-virus http://www.grisoft.com/
Kaspersky Anti-virus http://www.kaspersky.com
Zone Alarm Firewall http://www.zonelabs.com/store/content/catalog/products/sku_list_za.jsp?lid=nav_z a
PASSWORD GENERATORS
RoboForm http://www.roboform.com
Anti-Keylogger http://www.spydex.com/advanced_anti_keylogger.html
Virtual Keyboard http://www.lakefolks.org/cnt/
Password Auto-generator http://tjc.iwarp.com/password.htm
ANTI-SPYWARE
Ad Aware http://www.lavasoftusa.com/software/adaware/
SpyBot S&D http://www.safer-networking.org/index.php?page=download
The Cleaner by Moosoft http://www.moosoft.com/
EQUIPMENT PROTECTION
UPS by Belkin http://www.belkin.com
UPS by APC http://www.apc.com
SECURITY SCANS
Zone Labs Security Scanner http://download.zonelabs.com/bin/free/cm/index4.html
Shields Up https://grc.com/x/ne.dll?bh0bkyd2
BROWSERS
Mozilla and FireFox http://www.mozilla.org/
Netscape http://channels.netscape.com/ns/browsers/download.jsp
There is a multitude of options for internet security on the internet. You can enter "keywords" into your Google or Yahoo searches, or whatever search engine you use, and come up with a large variety of choices.
Some of these key words are:
anti-virus
virus
VPN
firewall
router � etc.
In Summary, I would like to say that I hope this guide can help you avoid a nightmare on the internet. I welcome any positive comments and replies that will aid those who need information pertaining to this subject. I pray that I save someone from losing money and from having their system invaded. Thank you for your interest
Written by
Wally Dow